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identify
"Stop and identify" statutes are laws in several U.S. states that authorize police to lawfully order people whom they reasonably suspect of a crime to state their name. If there is not reasonable suspicion that a crime has been committed, is being committed, or is about to be committed, an individual is not required to provide identification, even in these states.The Fourth Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires warrants to be supported by probable cause. In Terry v. Ohio (1968), the U.S. Supreme Court established that it is constitutional for police to temporarily detain a person based on an articulable reasonable suspicion that a crime has been committed, and then to conduct a patdown for weapons based on a reasonable belief that the person is armed. In Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada (2004), the Supreme Court held that statutes requiring suspects to disclose their names during a valid Terry stop did not violate the Fourth Amendment.However, some "stop and identify" statutes that are unclear about how people must identify themselves violate suspects' due process right through the void for vagueness doctrine. For instance, in Kolender v. Lawson (1983), the Court invalidated a California law requiring "credible and reliable" identification as overly vague. The court also held that the Fifth Amendment could allow a suspect to refuse to give the suspect's name if he or she articulated a reasonable belief that giving the name could be incriminating.The Nevada "stop-and-identify" law at issue in Hiibel allows police officers to detain any person encountered under circumstances which reasonably indicate that "the person has committed, is committing or is about to commit a crime"; the person may be detained only to "ascertain his identity and the suspicious circumstances surrounding his presence abroad". In turn, the law requires that the officer have a reasonable and articulable suspicion of criminal involvement, and that the person detained "identify himself", but the law does not compel the person to answer any other questions by the officer. The Nevada Supreme Court interpreted "identify" under the state's law to mean merely stating one's name.
As of April 2008, 23 other states had similar laws. Additional states (including Texas and Oregon) have such laws just for motorists.
Hi All,
can anybody identify this tile please? its in an relatively old car workshop and comes up a lot, need to find somebody that has a stash of them in their warehouse under a dusty sheet or a close match 😃
Thanks,
Dan
We have these floor tiles through the house on a solid cement floor. Now we want to clean and reseal them. I thought they were some sort of quarry tile.
Size is 1 ft x 1 ft. Rough irregular satin surface. Possibly a glazed colour.
We tried cleaning and resealing a small patch but it came out...
I've had no luck identifying this wall tile with online reverse image searches and would be more than grateful if someone can help me identify it here!
My apartment building is over 100 years old, and this wall tile was probably installed 50+ years ago. Maintenance is no help so I'm taking...
Spend an awful long time trying to identify from online pictures but no luck. I believe it was probably put on the wall circa 2004. Any help greatly appreciated!!
I need to replace this tile - the black/grey one. Approx 50 cm x 25 cm. Does anyone know where it might be from?
Mosaic tile shown in case it makes them easier to identify is 50 cm x 12 cm.
Hi All.
Would be very grateful for any help identifying the manufacturer of these tiles, so that I can try to source a couple of boxes to replace some damaged ones.
They are large [450mm square] riven stone effect tiles, in a blue/grey/brown pattern, and I can't for the life of me find any...
Hi Everyone,
I recently moved into a new property and I have a tiled floor and hallway. Some of these tiles are loose and cracked so I've removed the grouting and loosened the tiles out with the aim of putting some new adhesive down and replacing the tile.
The only problem I have is that the...
We have several tiles that are damaged because they were installed improperly, but that was probably 15 years ago. They are 17.25" X 17.25" and I have attached some pictures that may help. Hoping someone could help us identify them.
I'm so glad I found this forum and thank you in advanced.
Joe
Hello Everybody! I am really feeling needing help for identification of a tile flooring pattern. I am attaching here a drawing that I got and would really appreciate if anybody may help with its name, composition, supplier, manufacturer or any other related information.
Many thanks in advance...
Hi,
I am completely lost. I am looking for a specific tile manufacturer, please find images of box with logo attached as well as the back of a tile with identifying numbers on it with made in U.E. Markings.
Can anyone on here please help me identify the manufacturer?
Much appreciated!
Hi, newbie here who is re-tiling a pub kitchen, The vast majority of the tiles are white and despite the wonky walls, the tiles are going up okay, but....around the corner is a seventies disaster! I don't want to have to completely re-tile this area but several of the tiles are cracked and...
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