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stains

Staining is a technique used to enhance contrast in samples, generally at the microscopic level. Stains and dyes are frequently used in histology (microscopic study of biological tissues) and in the medical fields of histopathology, hematology, and cytopathology that focus on the study and diagnoses of disease at a microscopic level. Stains may be used to define biological tissues (highlighting, for example, muscle fibers or connective tissue), cell populations (classifying different blood cells), or organelles within individual cells.
In biochemistry it involves adding a class-specific (DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) dye to a substrate to qualify or quantify the presence of a specific compound. Staining and fluorescent tagging can serve similar purposes. Biological staining is also used to mark cells in flow cytometry, and to flag proteins or nucleic acids in gel electrophoresis. Light microscopes are used for viewing stained samples at high magnification, typically using bright-field or epi-fluorescence illumination.
Staining is not limited to biological materials, it can also be used to study the structure of other materials for example the lamellar structures of semi-crystalline polymers or the domain structures of block copolymers.

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  1. rclough1684

    USA Shower 'stone' getting discoloration ('wet') stains

    I could use some help from everyone! The floor mosaic tile was recently retiled over a tile-redi base but the affected material (pictures attached) was not changed. The stone appears to be soaked or wet with water. I have a few theories about what could be going on here but could use input from...
  2. K

    Black limestone stains

    Hi all I laid a full patio with black limestone last October on a full layer of concrete. I didn't use grout and used joint it simple. Brushed it in then soaked it. From day 1 the patio had a silver grey look and never looked black. I was advised not to seal for 12 weeks and to make sure it was...
  3. S

    Limestone fireplace installed but adhesive stains all over how do I remove?

    Really need a professional to remove the stains left by adhesive on limestone fireplace any advice welcome. Desperate seeking resolution! What products should I use?
  4. C

    Removing white marks from black bathroom tiles

    Hi, In the space of a couple of weeks my beautiful gray/ block stone bathroom tiles on the floor of the shower have developed white spotty patches in various locations. What are these marks ? Apparently we have soft water and thus it’s unlikely to be calcium or hard water stains. I did change...
  5. A

    UK Dark patches/ Stains on new White Tiles? Help

    Hello, My bathroom is completely new. I had not more than five showers there and I noticed dark patches/stains on some of the tiles. I tried to clean them but nothing happens. The tiles are new and I don't know what to do and how to remove them. I need some help and advice. Thank you!
  6. C

    I have long brown stains in the centre of my tiles, why?

    I have recently had my house renovated, and had underfloor heating put in. In the kitchen, hallway, utility room and small study room, we have had white with grey marble effect tiles layed, with a high glass sheen and the make is colour-tile (glazed vitrafied tile) with a velvet finish. Over the...
  7. C

    Removing stains from natural stone tiles

    I have recently moved into a house with a tiled kitchen floor and left some plant pots on cardboard on it. This got damp and has caused some brown rings and patches on the tiles where it looks like the colour and surface has been taken off. The rest of the flooring has a shiny coating on it. I...
  8. N

    Natural Stone How to get rid of wha looks like calcium stains?

    I have cream coloured limestone tiles installed on outdoor walls around the perimeter of my property. I took the advice of the tile seller and made sure contractors dried the limestone thoroughly before the install using a torch and then sealed them afterwards with the stores recommended...
  9. D

    Water stains

    Trying to help a customer out on an issue in a room I didn't actually tile. He has a downstairs cloakroom room with large format tiles, grey stone effect print. The room above had a bad leak and the water from a poorly tightened heating pipe ran down below. The end result is what you could call...
  10. M

    MSI limestone Pavers - brown stains after washing

    Hi guys, I’m new to anything building and construction related. I paved my backyard with MSI’s Freska Limestone pavers about 11 months back and noticed that it had started to discolour/stain in some parts. I read that a dilute bleach solution could help to clean stains on limestone and so I set...
  11. N

    Acid Burn/Vanadium stains on clay brick tiles?

    Hey would anyone be able to help me removing acid burn/vanadium stains (mainly greenish/yellowish with small amount of orange) from white/grey clay brick tiles? They came about (long strong) from Hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid) use on them to remove some insanely tough dirt. I've looked on...
  12. H

    Willing to provide tiling advice

    A little about myself . My name is Harry Harshaw and I have been in the construction industry for over 25 years. I am a hone inspector. Installed over a million square feet on multiple projects over my lifetime. Been with some of the best in the industry for the USA market. Since moving from...
  13. C

    Stains on tiles since they were laid a year ago!!

    hi all I’m new here but I’m at loss now it’s been nearly a year since we had some white porcelain tiles laid with underfloor heating in the living room and hall way however shortly after they were laid I noticed they were stained I tried loads of cleaners some seemed to make it better some did...
  14. A

    Blotches / Stains / Dark Patches appearing on White Tiles?

    Hi I have noticed dark patches appearing on some of the white tiles in my shower / bathroom. The patches appear blueish/purpleish and are quite noticeable. Just wondering what the cause of this is likely to be, and what can be done to remediate? My initial thoughts are that there is water...
  15. L

    white porcelain stains on black limestone

    hello, my builders were cutting porcelain tiles in my garden and the white powder from the grinder has stained my black limestone slabs, I have tried power washing it and although it made it better, they still looked pretty bad. does anyone know of any acid free cleaners that can remove it, I...
  16. G

    Stains appeared on tiles ?

    Hi guys Ive been doing a job for a friend who owns his own construction business and he kindly let me tile the floor, and bathrooms on a new project he was doing himself. Anyway some stains have appeared along the joint lines on some tiles(not all, total floor about 20sm) ive put a pic up so...
  17. G

    How to remove black stains from Teracotta tiles?

    Hi, I have been "googling" this for hours and am making no progress so any help appreciated! I laid some Parafeuille tiles (basically just teracotta tiles) about 5 years ago in our hallway and kitchen. When they were laid I sealed them with linseed oil and white spirit to stop any salts coming...
  18. J

    How do I remove white 'cloudy' stains from Victorian tiles?

    Hi everyone, we recently had our Victorian hallway floor tiles cleaned with an acid wash but have since noticed white 'cloudy' patches appearing on a few of the tiles. Because the job overran before Christmas, the floor was not sealed which was obviously not ideal. How can we clean the white...
  19. G

    Aus Help! Grout staining porcelain tiles problem

    Hi everyone, I've just completed laying a bathroom floor with 100x100mm black and white unglazed porcelain tiles ( PEI rated 5) . I've also knocked up a test piece on which to test the grout, as I'm a bit wary of the textured surface of these unglazed tiles. The intended grout colour is black...
  20. andy-p

    Aus Removing Grout Stains From Encaustic Cement Tile

    Fixed 15m2 of handmade encaustic cement tiles supplied by the Cement tile shop and like a complete jackass went and grouted tiles before sealing , after cleaning up saw that tiles were stained then checked suppliers website only to find out seal before grouting , is there a cleaning product that...
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